Hair-curling device



May 20, 1941. L. INGRASSIA HAIR-CURLING DEVICE Filed Oct. 19, 1937 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 PIC-3.2

FIG.3

IISIQQJILII.I 66

FIG-6 FIG.7

- INVENTOR. LEONARDO ///G;RA$S/A ATTORNEY May 20, 1941. INGRASSIA 2,242,913

HAIR-CURLING DEVICE Filed Oct. 19, 1937 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR. LEONARDO //lC RA5S/A BY aw ,4 65mm ATTORNEY.

of the extent of the member.

Patented May 20, 19 41 HAIR-CUBLING DEVICE Leonardo Ingrassia, Massapequa, N. Y., assignor to Henry L. Burkitt, New York, N. Y.

Application October 19, 1937, Serial No. 169,774

26 Claims. (Cl. 132-33) This invention relates to hair-curling devices.

Devices for use in making two kind of curls will be described herein. It is to be understood, however, that the invention hereof may have application in other connections, and itisv the intention that the claimed invention shall so extend.-

First, in connection with what is now commonly known as the sculptured curl," the procedure followed by an operator to form such a curl requires that she work the hair on the head with her fingers to wind the hair into a spiral formation, wherein substantially all the hair remains in one plane, or closely approximates a single planar formation. Some operators de-,

pend entirely upon the skill of their own fingers, merely taking hold of the hair ends and manipulating the hair with their fingers to wind the hair into a flat spiral curl. When the curl has been completed, the operator anchors it to the other hair on the scalp by suitable means, such as hair-pins in a desired quantity. Another method followed requires the use of a stick around which the hair ends are bent, in an attempt thereafter to wind the curl on such ends frictionally retained on the stick. When the curl has been formed, and the hair is to be removed from the stick, stretching or distention of the curl invariably follows, for the simple reason that the hair strands of the inner coil, by friction on the stick, are subwith the member that it may be operated to separate from the member, the hair which has been coiled onto the member. The association of the slide with the member is such that the curl, as formed, may be removed from the member without destroying, or affecting, the relationship to each other .of the strands of any of the convolujected to distortion, which, taken with the weak- 7 ness of the body of the coiled hair, necessarily must result in undesired displacement of these strands, and of the convolutions, relatively to each other.

It is an object of the invention to provide a device by which an operator may, with ease and by a simple operation, form sculptured or flat curls by providing, throughout the winding operation, a

, full and positive support for the hair being wound, and yet without requiring any particular degree of dexterity, and, after the curl has been formed completely, and without distortion of any of the convolutions of the curl, remove the curl from the device so that it may immediately be fixed against the head in its formed condition. For this purpose, a substantially cylindrical member may be used by the operator who is to form the flat curl. I

To support the narrow spiral of hair as it is formed, "an element may be associated with the member to provide a wall extending transversely Against this wall, the coiled hair rests during winding. The wall may be a part of a slide which is so associated tions. This is accomplished by moving the slide and'its wall, as it supports the curl, to push the completed curl as a unit from the tube.

Once a curl has been formed and removed from the device, the relationship of parts for again forming a curl may be resumed. It is an object of the invention to provide a device of the character indicated wherein the parts which function to support the hair during the curl-forming operation will automatically, upon release aftera curl has been removed from the device, return to curl-forming position. It is desirable that the mechanism for this purpose shall interfere in no way with winding hair on the member. In one modification, an elastic element is arranged to return the slide to a normal position at which the wall is retained for the curl-forming operation. This element may be housed within the tube so that it does not interfere with the curl-forming operation.

, Different heads of hair may require different effects in the curling operation, as, for instance, the size of the curl to be formed. Members of different size may thus be used to determine curls of different effect, as, for instance, where hair is more abundant than in average cases. It is an object of the'invention to provide a single device embodying a plurality of hair curler units, the units being capable of producing curls of different sizes, or of cooperating to produce different results in the effective appearance of the curl as finally produced.

Tubes of different effective diameters are placed in such association as to be capable of separate manipulation. Each tube may have an associated slide with a backing wall so that the operator may make flat curls by a selected tube, as desired. A single elastic member may be utilized to make both slides normally effective at curl-forming positions whenever either of them is not actuated toremove a curl from the device. Such elastic member may be a spring, which may extend through the bore or bores of the associated tubes, and be secured to both slides. Suitable stop means may extend from the slide and cooperate with the tube to limit the movement of that slide individually with respect to its tube section.

retained, it extends beyond the The single spring member may cooperate with these slides and their associated stops to provide means for retaining both slides normally in curlcoiling position. Such spring may, in a desired construction, be housed entirely within the tube. 5 Where two slides are used at two ends of a tube, and a singlesprin acts on the two slides, such spring may have no other anchorage than upon the two slides, and the movement of the slides may be limited by stops extending into the tube from each slide and carrying the ends of the spring.

The slide may be in the form of a Spindle having shoulders to provide means bywhich the slide is to be engaged by the finger of the operator, the disposition of the shoulders being such as to accommodate long or short fingers, or to give different leverages in the operation of ;the device, and at the same time to provide the,desired wall for cooperation with the tube for forming the curl thereon and ejecting the curl therefrom. This wall, in itself, serves to define the recess wherein'the operator engages the slide for its proper manipulation. Where the two ends of a tube may be utilized for curl forming. the curlforming end not in use'provides a handle by' which the device is supported during use.

- It is an object of the invention to provide a simple device capable of use by relatively inexperienced persons for making curls, and capable of use even by the person on whose head the curls are to be formed. Such a device, by a simple construction, may be made positively to engage the ends of the hair by resilient action, or by pressure derived from the fingers of the operator holding the device. A curl-binding strip may have been associated with the device, and the strip may cooperate with the device so that the hair ends, at the commencement of the winding operation, may easily be guided'into po- 40 sition, and-thereafter be retained properly for facilitating the winding operation so that the operator can, withaminimum of required dexterity, form a curl in hair'so retained. The hair ends may become released immediately after the first turn of the apparatus, or at the end of the operation, as the operator may desire it in connection with the particular device used.

It is an object of the invention to provide a device in association with which may be used a strip for binding the curlas it is formed, and in whichthecurl, when formed, is easily released and separated from the device, even with the curl clamped at least in part, and held in its curled formation. v

A member used for forming the curl has a passage in its body into which the binding strip.- is inserted. In one construction, means are po- I sitioned in the passage, and, when the strip is inserted into the passage. serve to retain the strip'safely in position. When the strip is so passage, and,- with the end walls of the tube and the means positioned in the passage, provides resiliently acting, but easily separable, jaws between-which 05 the hair ends may be slid, without difliculty, into ner, -the hair may be wound around the tube, f whereupon the strip'may be bent around [the curled hair to lock the curl in its formed condition. Then the curl, anchored by the strip in this manner, may he slid off the tube. The unbent end of the strip, which will now extend beyond the unclamped end of the curl, may then be bent to complete the enclosure of the curl. V

It is an object of the invention to provide a strip, for the purposes hereinbefore set forth, which is, so constructed as not to have any injurious effect when in useupon the hair. Such a strip may be produced by rolling pieces 0! metallic wire to form flat strips. The side edges of the strips 50 produced will be rounded and will have ,no hair-tearing possibilities when in use. After the rolling step, the metallic strip may be annealed to restore its flexibility.

' It is an object of the invention to provide a hair-curling device formed from a tube to have integral jaws which extend from the body of the tube, and yet are capable of movement towards and away from each other. For certain purposes of the invention, a resilient device may be inserted between the jaws, and preferably be of such shape as to engage both jaws. A strip, in-

serted between the jaws, will be clamped between a jaw and the resilient device, and will itself become a flexible jaw, cooperating with the jaws of the tube and the resilient device, against which it is clamped, for receiving and clamping hair ends inserted between the jaws.

It is an object of the invention to provide a single hair-curling device capable of forming curls of different eii'ect. For this purpose, the device may be'one of a. number of combinations, as, for instance, a pair of tubes of diiferent diameters, pressed together so that the smaller snugly fits within the bore of the larger, or where the two devices are similar, that is, both bifurcated, or both of the slide ejector type; or the devices may be different, as, for instance, one of the slide ejector type associated with a bifurcated construction.

Other objects of this invention will be set forth hereinafter, or will be apparent from the description and the drawings, in which are illustrated a number of embodiments of the apparatus for carrying out the invention.

The invention, however, is not intended to be restricted to particular constructions and arrangements of parts, nor to particularapplications of such constructions, nor to specific methods of operation, nor to various details thereof, herein shown and described, as the same may be modified in various particulars, or be applied in many varied relations, without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, practical embodiments of which have herein been illustrated and described without attempting to show all the various forms and modifications in which the invention might be embodied.

On the drawings, in which the same reference characters refer to the same parts throughout,

and in which are disclosed some preferred emvention in connection with making round curls, is shown in use;

Fig. 2 is a similar view in which a device, em-

bodying features of invention inconnection with making fiat or scu'lptured" curls, is shown in use upon a head of hair;

I Fig. 3 is an elevational view of a curlercapable l of usefor the purpose of making both types of curls, a part of the curler being broken away in v cross-section to'illustrate the internal construction thereof, hair being shown positioned in as- 1 sociation with both sections of the curler, a hairretaining strip being shown in position and .bent to encompass a curl formed on the curler;

Fig. 4 is an elevational view of the same curler, shown turned 90 on its axis from the position of Fig. 3, the ejector being shown moved to extreme ejecting position, the portion broken away in section in Fig. 3 not being broken away in this figure, but the other portion of the curler not broken away in Fig. 3 being shown here broken away in cross-section to illustrate internal construction of the device;

Fig. 5 is a view, in end elevation, of the curler shown in Fig. 3, as seen from the right-hand end of the curler in that figure, the curler being shown to an enlarged scale;

' Fig. 6 is a view, in end elevation, of the curler as seen from the right-hand end of Fig. 4, the

curl-retaining strip and the resilient member being removed, but hair-ends being shown in Fig. 8 is an elevational view of a modified form of hair curler for forming round curls, a section of the curler being broken away in section to illustrate its internal construction, a hair-retaining strip being shown in position;

Fig. 9 is a view of a modified form of hair curler for forming round curls, the curler being shown as if cut vertically along'its longitudinal axis;

Fig. 10 is a view in elevation of a hair curler of the type shown in Fig. 8, but of a modified form;

Fig. 11 is an elevational view of a modified form of hair curler for making sculptured curls;

Fig. 12 is an elevational view of a multiple hair curler intended for making sculptured curls;

Fig. 13 is a view in perspective and to an enlarged scale of a resilient member such as may be used in conjunction with curlers for making round curls, as shown in Figs. 4 and 8;

Fig. 14 is a view to illustrate the manner in which the hair of a curl can be manipulated with relation to a hair-retaining strip binding the curl so that the strip will be concealed in toto, the lower fringe of hair being intended to indicate the outer exposed surface of the head;

Fig. 15 is a view in transverse cross-section, substantially on the line l5l5 of Fig. 9; and

Fig. 16 is an end elevational view of the hairretaining strip shown in Fig. 7.

A number of different constructions have been shown on the drawings to illustratediiferent embodiments of the invention, but it is to be understood that many other difierent variations are possible. For instance, device D, shown in Figs. 1 to 6, is a type of curler capable of use in making both sculptured or flat, and round, curls. The device is shown constructed with two sections I 0 and I2, wherein section III is designed for making sculptured curls, while section i2 is for making round curls. Device E, shown in Fig. 8, on the other hand, designed for efilciently making round curls, has two sections l4 and I6. The sections are shown as having different effective diameters, but the sections are capable of use in making curls having the same general construction. Device F differs from device E in that its sections l8 and 28 are semi-cylindrical and define open troughs, whereas sections I4 and I6 of device E are substantially tubular in their general effect. Device G illustrates a type of sculptured curl-forming device where only a single curling element is provided.

In device D, it will be seen that, for simplicity of construction, a single tubular member 22 has been utilized. In the particular case showm t'he-i tube, at section ID, has had slots 24, diametrif. cally opposed, formed therein, thus defining a passage for the reception of the hair endsdn' manner which will be more fully discussed the further description of the use of the device. The end edges of jaws 26 and 28, asfornid by slots 24, may be shaped so as to provide rounded lips 88 at the open ends of the slots, for-facill tating the guiding of the hair ends into passage. v 1

Slidably disposed on member 22 is an ejector 82 which may take the form of a sleeve 84 having i a. bore 36 therethrough. Bore 86 is of such di mensions that the interfltting of sleeve and jaws 26 and 28 is substantially snug. In this connec tion, it is indicated that ejector 82 may be asse ciatedwith a member 22 wherein the tubular walls are uncut and without slots 24, and yet serve certain purposes of the invention. e

In forming slots 24 in the tubular walls,f a slight outward bias may be given to the jaws} formed by the slotting operation. These jaws thus outwardly biased, but inherently resilient from the metallic construction of member 22 usd in the manufacture of device D, are received'in bore 36. In this manner, the ejector is snugly retained by member 22, and yet may be manipu f lated to slide easily along the member.

In jaw 28 may be formed a slot 88 through which a pin 40, anchored in the body of ejector 32, may extend into bore'36. As the ejector isf slid along member 22, this pin, engaging the ends of slot 38, thus serves to limit the range f of sliding movement of the ejector relative toj 'j jaws 26 and 28. The outer limit of movementmay, as shown in Fig. 4, be such that wall 421-" of the ejector will extend just slightly beyond lips; 38 when the ejector has been moved to the ex? treme outward position. At the inner limit off f movement, when pin 40 engages end. 44 of slot 38, wall 42 of the ejector may assume such a position relative to jaws 26 and 28 that a recess of proper depth to receive and retain the re-*' quired amount of hair for forming a sculptured curl will be formed. At this position, wall 42 of the ejector will be positioned but slightly in advance of the outermost end 46 of slot 38. Thus x slots 24 provide a sufficient passage for reception of the hair ends without interfering with the rigidity of the tube desired for the functioning of the ejector. f; Suitable means are provided to retain the, ejector normally in its curl-forming position, that is, in the position shown by full lines in Fig. 3. Such means may take the form of a resilient member, such as coiled spring 48, shown in this particular instance as housed within bore 36 and bore 49 of member 22. To impart its resilient," force to the ejector, one loop 58 of the springf may engage pin 48, while the other end loop 52 y may be caught in a prong 54, struck up out of a small disc 56 seated within bore 48. A seat 58 for the disc may be formed in any suitable man ner, as, for instance, by rolling an indentation 68 into the walls of the tubular member. Thus" is provided an internal shoulder against which the disc is maintained seated under the action of spring 48. Pin 48 will thus normally be drawn to engage end 44,'retaining the ejector in posi-. tion so that a curl may be formed on the tube. Pin 48 may be assembled with the apparatus by being fitted through an opening in the sleeve provided for that purpose. The pin-may be of such length that it will extend substantially compietely'across bore 88 and practically to the opposed surface of bore 48. The pin thus prevents separation of the end loop of the spring and serves as a stifiener for the opposed jaws 28 and 28.

Sleeve 34 may have inits outer face a recessed area 62 defined by wall 42 and a shaped-out wall formation 64 at the other end of the sleeve. This recessed area provides for the reception of the thumb or other finger or fingers of the operator when her hand grasps the tubular member behind'theejector, as shown in Fig. 4. Thus the finger may engage against shoulder 88 in the recessed area behind wall 42, or may engage against wall 88 at the outside face of wall formation 84. In either case, the sleeve may then be propelled easily and simply from its normal curl-forming position to slide a curl 18, which may have been formed on the device, 011 end 12.

In the operation of the sculptured-curl-forming device, where jaws 28 and 28 are provided, hair ends I4 may be caught in the passage formed by slots 24, and be so retained as the operator twists the device to wind the hair upon 3 the member and form-.the first coil. After the first coil has been completed and the hair ends have been overlapped by other hair, the hair ends will still be held by the overlapped hair against free movement. As the winding operation is continued, the operator builds up the desired flat curl in abutment with wall 42, and in recess 18' by the force of her fingers, the hair ends will engaged and held as the winding operation is formed between wall 42 and the body of member 22. As the operator continues to wind the hair, she may turn the device, as shown in Fig. 2, so that, when she has completed the formation of the curl by winding the strands of hair upon the device up to the scalp, the finished curl will lie fiat against the head, and may, immediately after its removal from the device, be anchored to the other hair of the head, and be retained in that fiat condition. 1

For removing the curl from the device, a finger engages the ejector, pushing it towards end 12,

and driving the curl of! the tubular member, whereupon it may be engaged by any suitable curl-binding means, such as a hair pin. As ejector 32 fits snugly on member 22, there will be no tendency to catch the hair ends, and the ejector will slide the formed curl, in its formed condition, smoothly off the member without permitting the central winding to be distorted from its wound condition.

For section l2 of device D, as also for sections l4, l8 of device E, which are for making round curls, the tubular member is formed with slots 18 These jaws, by the method of constructing section l2, are integral with the metal of the tubular member, and,

therefore, are inherently resilient. Thus, when these jaws are moved into cont ct to close slots 18, they will tend normally to s parate and release the slot edges, and whatever may have begun. After the first turn has been completed, the operator may release pressure on the jaws while continuing to wind the hair until the curl has been formed. When the complete curlhas been formed, it is necessary only to push the curl along the jaws, oil which it will slide with the assistance of the smooth finish of the plated and bufied surfaces and the complete automatic release of the caught ends of the hair after the jaws move apart. The curl, so removed from the jaws, is in condition to be secured and held in its formed condition.

The curl, so formed on either section of the device, may, immediately at the end of the coiling operation, be retained in its formed condition, and be so retained while the wound hair is being removed from the device, and after the hair has been completely separated from the support of the device. For this purpose, a strip 88 is associated with the'particular section of the device in use during the winding operation. on

the drawings, the strip is shown associated with section l2. The strip may be of material which is flexible and yet has a definite degree of rigidity when bent into a desired form. The form found to have all the preferred qualities was a thin strip of metal such as aluminum, of slight thickness, about three-sixteenths of an inch in width,

and about twice as long as the extent of the particular curl for which the strip was intended. The strip thus wasoblong in appearance, and of such width that it was capable. of being .in-

serted into bore 48 or between jaws 88 and 82.

as it remains wound on the tubular member, and

then the curl and strip with its endaround the curl, as a unit, are slid oil the tubular member, with the curl being held by the bent curling unit against unwinding. As free end'82 of the curl is stripped from the jaws, the other end 84 of the strip, which now extends beyond the free end 82 of the curl, may be bent over the curl and towards bent end 88, and thus, finally, cooperate in anchoring the curl against unwinding.- The been clamped therebetween, from engagement.

These jaws have rounded lips 84 formed substantially similarly to lips 88, for cooperation with the passage defined by the slots. The entire device, including section Iii, may be plated and bufied to provide 'a fine smooth surface upon which the curl is formed, and relatively to which the curl may easily be slid? The operator, to form a flat curl, may slide the hair ends past lips 84 and into slots I8. .Then, by engaging the jaws with her fingers, as, for instance, at 88, and pressing the jaws together Just strip may thus remain until the curl has become set, whereupon the strip may be unbent, and

again applied, when desired, for the same purposes. During the period that the strip remains in anchoring relation to the curl, it is possible, owing to the flexibility of the strip, to shape the curl itself as desired. That is, the user may bend the anchored curl, for instance, to conform as much as possible to the contour of the head. Furthermore, such a strip, as shown in Figs. 1 and 14, will be concealed entirely, as the curl may be pushed down around the bent ends, some of I The fiat strip has no direct bearing against the scalp and thus does not irritate the user.

In order to assure a ainst any injury to the hair, strips 88 have side edges 88 so contoured as to apply no cutting action upon the hair clamped by the strip. The contouring may bein the form or =padtcehihsmpsiar g; a w wi ifa r u e 9 I- r t n.nmd;- diameterpto supply: necessary metallic on tent, ',is..rolledf1out. flat. The iresult isfit thin metallic. strip having I rounded. edges 88.. .The

ends I00"of the. strip ima'y befcut oi'l' by'gsuitable means such as dies to. produce the or, the end edges asshown- The strips, thus formed,

are then annealed ,tof, m'ake them. asTfiesiblefasi,

possible.

ing'strip 88. in position, and rdri partmg addi tional resiliency during the /winding, [operation I both to the strip and to'the iaws, is showngisueh', means may take, theform of a resilient'member 59--fiflrie itfias fr. er einp si rd am as the u es-tram which th r e fls waste e n.1tl .x.@ so that curls of different size may beproducedby the;

d vi I e: 9 an oval memb'rrl 1A m age sh ine tal P e fl t er be f ms-mm at r en of her ceeirqmw c thesprin isf'formed may be bent to-overlap, onto approxi- I02 positioned within and between thejaws. In I the instance shown, member I02," as illustrated.. in Fig. 13, is shaped substantiallyinto an 8. formation. ,The' resilient member may be fashioned from fiat spring metal bent to form a coil I04 having'rounded wall-engaging sections I06 and I08. "This, in itself, would be suflicient to f hump and jaw 82. *Thus the strip will have im parted to it certain resiliency by reason of, its anchorage, and yet be retained firmly throughout und d, 0 m d h r hdfb we ni Jaws. Eachset of, jaws may haveits own spring,,-.

or as shown, a single spring may beof suiiicientfl 1 length to contacttheijaws of both sections.; The

mate abutment, as shown, whentthe member, is; seated within the device. A-lso, the curveofthe member may be such as to avoid shoulder I28 at the Junction ofvthe two tube-bores, as shown.

In Fig. 9, there has been'illustrated a device F;

the sections I8 and 20s ofiwhichembodylfea-i tures of the invention, andiare intended for the formation offlat curls. A..,singl'e Jaw-definin element I is left united totube body I32; 'in the case of de'viceE, so inthe caseof device.

F. here described, tubes ofwdifierent sizes may beassembled and used toform curlingdevicesreffective for making up curl'sof diflerent (118.11%. eters. With the single jaw-defining element,

the winding operation so that it will not fall out or become improperly engaged during such operation. In the same fashion," the hair ends, first pressed against extending end 90, are easily guided, by the substantially fixedly retained and yet flexible strip, to a position where they are anchored by strip and Jaw. The hair ends may t be guided byeither side of the strip. In one case, the hair ends will be engaged between the strip and jaw 82,- that'is, with the hair ends againstface II6 of the strip when it is engaged in the bore of the tube, or, in the" other case,,the hair ends will be engaged between the hump and the strip. In the latter case, the hairends'are engaged by less surface, to reduce the frictional force necessary to be overcome to separate the curl from the device. With a spring such as here described, the hair-curler," once the hair ends have been engaged, cannot'separate fromthe hair without the application of at least a'slight force. Thus, if the operator should accidentally lose hold on the device, it will still hang on the hair in a position immediately 'againto be grasped, so that the operation is interrupted to the slightest degree.

In device "E shown in Fig. V p are defined by tubesl I8 and I20 of unequal diameters, but whereinbore III of tube I I8 is'sub stantially the same as the outside diameter "of open troughs I34 and I36, are provided insuch a. device. Each trough provides means for receiv- 1 ing a strip I38 similar to strip 88. In order to retain the strip-and the hair ends during the winding operationga flat leaf spring I 40 maybe seated in the" troughs. In the. instance shownla single leaf spring extends through the press-fittedsections n of the tubes,into troughs m .and I36,

and beyond ends I44 and I46 of the jaw-defining,

elements. A plug H8, or similar means, forced into bore I50 of the smallersection I42, serves to anchor the leaf spring so that it retains a positioninthebottoms of the troughs.

A strip, inserted between the spring'and the bottom of the trough, will'extend a distance be-,

yond an end I44 0 11146. against the strip, maybe slid into positionbetween the strip and the bottom of the trough, and

so'beI'retained throughout the winding operation. completed, the strip ,maybe bent around the curl so as toanchor the curl body in its formed condition, after which the curl maybe removed from the device. In the operation .of. device F,

once the hair ends have been engaged, the curl.

formed, and the strip engaged over the curl,it is',

a simple matter. to slide the curl and the] strip free of the spring and the tube body "so thatthe' other end of the strip may be engagedover the 8, sections I4 and I 6 I tube I20, so that "tube I20 may be pressfitted into the bore of tube' 'II8. It-has been found that such interfitting is all that is' req ir m order to retain the two sections properly '-'asso ciated, especially where, after the, device ciated with each set of laws. The section's'will" curl; whereupon the curl may be,,released' com- "pletely from the hands .of the operatong In device 1.:aeenstructiefi7i similar to that of device D is shown, However,

while an ejector I5 2 is associated with a tubular member, I54, but one hair-curling'sejction is provided in' this" device. Furthermore, the. tubular member has nOfJaWs at either end, but u esihave; a slot I 56 through which. means extends into here I58 f0r enga ing an endiof spring 150. End convolution I62. of the prinaatfits ot r end, is caughtbetween the wall of the tubular member and wall I64 ,of' a capIBG which may be press:- fitted; for thisfpurpose, over' .the end. I ofhthe... tubular member "opposite that with which the] ,ejectorislassociated i f .Hair ends, pressed c When the winding .operation haslbeen It can beseenthet assesses-those I set upon a single tubular element, as, ior instance, trough elements similar to element I 30 can .be associated with pairedjaws as in section I2, or with an ejector typeas in section III or member I54, or any other association of such different types may be produced, or the elements may be separately disposed as individual devices, or they may be paired on the same tube, as desired. For instance, in Fig. 12, a device is shown having two electors I10 and I12 mounted upon tube sections I14 and I16, and slidable relatively thereto. Pins I18 extend from. the electors through slots I80 in the walls of the tubes, and into bore I82. The ends of the pins, within the bore, are engaged by the end loops of a coiled spring I84. Thus, a single spring, completely housed within the device, serves automatically to return the ejectors to position, the individual slots I80 providing individual limits for the respec-i tive ejectors. The diameters of tube sections I14 and I16 may be different to permit the formation of curls of dififerent eifect.

Many other changes could be effected in the particular articles of manufacture or apparatus designed, and in the methods of operation set forth, and in specific details thereof, without substantially departing from the invention hereof intended to be defined in the accompanying claims, the specific description herein being merely illustrative of operative embodiments carrying out the spirit of the invention.

What is claimed as new and useful is:

1. Apparatus for use in forming curls in hair,

whichcomprises a mandrel for winding hair thereon to form the curl, and a backing member on the mandrel to cooperate with the mandrel during the winding operation, the backing mem- 1 ber providing means for removing a formed curl 1 from the mandrel after the curl has been wound.

2. Apparatus for use informing curls in hair,

' g which comprises a tubular mandrel for winding hair thereon to form the curl, the tube-walls being divided adjacent the curl-forming end of the I mandrel to provide 'means for the reception and retention of the hair-ends, and a backing memher on the mandrel to provide a guide for the winding operation, the backing member being slidable on the mandrel relatively to. the curl- 1 ,forming end of the mandrel to remove a formed j curl from the mandrel.

3. Apparatus for use in forming curls in hair,

therebetween, and a backing member on the i mandrel to provide'a guidefor the winding operation, the backing member being slidable on the Q mandrel relatively to the curl-forming end of the mandrel to remove a formed curl from the man- 4. Apparatus for use in forming curls in hair,

1 which comprises a tubularmandrel for winding hair thereon to form the curl, one end of the l which comprises a tubular mandrel for winding 1 hair thereon to form the curl, the tube walls being dividedadjacent the curl-forming end of the 1 mandrel to provide a pair of separated sections 3 at the tube ,end having a hair-end-receiving slot of the tube to form slots extending away from said end to form a pair 01' jaws integral with the unslotted portions of the tube and resiliently movable into engaging relation with each other in response to pressure 01' an operator's fingers.

6. Apparatus for use in forming curls in hair, which comprises a mandrel for winding hair thereon to form the curl, the mandrel consisting 01' a tube having a continuous integral metallic wall, the wall having a pair of-slots cut therein to extend into the body or the tube from one end of the tube to define a pair of laws integral with the unslottedportions or the tube, the jaws be-. ing movable into engaging relation with, each other in response to pressure of an operator's fingers, and responding to inherent elasticity of the integrality of the jawswith the unslotted portion of the tube to move out of engaging relation.

7. Apparatus for use in forming curls in hair, which comprises a tubular mandrel for winding hair thereon to form the curl, and a backing member on the mandrel to provide a guide for the winding operation, the bore of the tubular mandrel providing means for retaining a curlretaining member so that an end of the curl-retaining member extends beyond the mandrel during the winding operation, that end 01' the curlretaining member being bent at the end of the I winding operation to encompass the formed curl, the backing member being slidable on the mandrel to remove the formed curl so encompassed by the end of the curl-retaining member from the mandrel 8. Apparatus for use in forming curls in hair, which comprises a tubular mandrel for winding hair thereon to form the curl, the bore of the tubular mandrel providing means for retaining a curl-retaining member capable of being bent to retain a curl after it has been formed, the curlretaining member being retained in the bore of the tubular mandrel during the winding operation, and means for removing a formed curl from the mandrel.

9.-Apparatus for use in forming curls in hair,

which comprises a tubular mandrel for winding curl-retaining member, and a backing member on the mandrel to provide a guide for the winding operation, the curl-retaining member being retained in the bore of the tubular mandrel during the windingaoperation, the backing member being slidable on the mandrel to remove a 'formed 'curl from the mandrel.

10. Apparatus for use in forming curls in hair, which comprises a mandrel for winding hair thereon to form the curl, a backing member slidable 'on the mandrel and providing a guide for the winding operation, the backing member providing means for removing a formed curl from the mandrel'after the curl has been wound, and means for retaining the backing member normally in winding position.

11. Apparatus for use in forming curls in hair,

which comprises. a mandrel for winding ,hair

thereon to form the curl, a sleeve slidable on the vide an annular forward wall extending sub-- stantially transversely of the extent of the mandrel, said forward wall providing means for removing a formed curl from the mandrel after the curl has been wound, and means for retaining the sleeve normally in winding position.

12. Apparatus for use in forming curls in hair, which comprises a tubular mandrel for winding hair thereon to form the curl, a backing member on the mandrel to provide a guide for the winding operation, the backing member being slidable to remove a formed curl from the mandrel, and means for returning the backing member to winding position, the returning means being housed within the bore of the tube.

13. Apparatus for use in forming curls in hair,

which comprises a tubular mandrel for winding.

hair thereon to form the curl, a backing member on the mandrel to provide a guide for the winding operation, the backing member being slidable on the mandrel to remove a formed curl from the mandrel, and means for retaining the backing member normally inwinding position, the retaining means comprising a resilient member housed substantially entirely within the bore of the tube.

14. Apparatus for use in forming curls in hair, which comprises a tubular mandrel for Winding hair thereon to form the curl, a sleeve slidable on the mandrel to provide a guide for the winding operation, the walls of the tube having an opening therein, and means for retaining the sleeve normally in winding position, the retaining means extending within the, bore of the tube and having engagement with the sleeve through the opening in the tube walls.

15. Apparatus for use in forming curls in hair, which comprises a tubular mandrel for winding hair thereon to form the curl, sleeves adjacent each end of the mandrel and slidable on the mandrel to provide a guide for the winding operation, a slot in the walls of the tube in association with each sleeve, means for retaining the sleeves normally in winding position, the retaining means comprising a single resilient member in the bore of the tube, and means on each sleeve and extending through the associated slotto engage the resilient member.

16. Apparatus for use in curling hair, which comprises a mandrel providing means upon which to wind hair to be curled, and means within the mandrel for engaging a portion of the hair as the hair is being wound, the mandrel and the operation, to retain means for fixing the wound hair in wound condition before the wound hair is removed from the mandrel.

1'7. Apparatus for use in curling hair, which comprises a hollow mandrel providing means upon which to wind hair to be curled, and means within the hollow of the mandrel for engaging a portion of the hair as the hair is being wound, the mandrel and the engaging means cooperating, during the winding operation, to retain means within the hollow of the mandrel for fixing the wound hair in wound condition before the wound hair is removed from the mandrel.

18. Apparatus for use in curling .hair, which comprises a mandrel providing means upon which to wind hair to be curled, and resilient means within the mandrel for engaging a portion of the hair as the hair is being wound, the mandrel and the engaging means cooperating, during the windcomprises a mandrel providing means upon which to wind hair to be curled, and a fiat resilient member within the mandrel for engaging a portion of the hair as the hair is being wound, the mandrel and the member cooperating, during the winding operation, to retain means for .fixing the wound hair in wound condition before the wound hair is removed from the mandrel.

20. Apparatus for use in curling hair, which comprises a mandrel having a section thereof upon which to wind hair to be curled, that seetion of the mandrel having a cavity formed therein and opening outwardly, and means within the cavity for engaging a portion of the hair as the hair is being wound, the mandrel and the engaging means cooperating, during the winding operation, to retain means for fixing the wound hair in wound condition before the wound hair is removed from the mandrel.

21. Apparatus for use in curling hair, which comprises a mandrel having a section thereof upon which to wind hair to be curled, that section of the mandrel having a cavity formed therein and opening outwardly substantially throug out the extent of the section, and means within and extending substantially the entire length of the cavity for engaging a portion of the hair as the hair is being wound, the mandrel and the engaging means cooperating, during the winding operation, to retain means for fixing the wound hair in wound condition before the wound hair is removed from the mandrel.

22. A flexible curl-retaining member for use with a curling device so that the curl as it is finally formed on the device may be clamped in that form before thecurl is removed from the device, the member being formed by rolling out pieces of round wire to form flattened strips having rounded side edges, the ends 01' the strips so formed being round in contour.

23. The process of making a flexible curl-retaining member for use with a curling device wherein the curl as it is finally formed on the device is'secured in that form before removal from the device by bending the member around the curl, the process including the step of rolling into a flattened condition pieces of round wire of malleable metal, and thereafter annealing the flattened strips.

24. Apparatus for use in forming curls in hair, which comprises a mandrel for winding hair thereon to form the curl, means movable on the mandrel for pushing a formed curl oil the mandrel, and means extending into the mandrel from the pushing means for limiting movement of the pushing means relative to the mandrel.

25. Apparatus for use in forming curls in hair, which comprises a mandrel for winding hair thereon to form the curl, a sleeve encircling and movable on the mandrel for pushing a formed curl off the mandrel, and means extending into the mandrel from the sleeve for'llmiting movement of the sleeve relative to the mandrel.

26. Apparatus for use in forming curls in hair, which comprises a mandrel for winding hair thereon to form the curl, a sleeve encircling and slidable along the mandrel for pushing aformed curl off the mandrel, the sleeve having a curlengaging wall in the direction of movement for pushing the curl off the mandrel, the mandrel being slotted, and a pin extending into the slot from the sleeve for limiting movement of the sleeve relative to the mandrel.

LEONARDO INGRASSIA. 

